14.05.22
https://twitter.com/BrodinPetter/status/1525368532061519873?s=20&t=tnjiByK0auOAfglRsdVE9g
According to this idea above,
different intestinal viruses could probably sensitise hosts to CoV-2 superantigens. AdV F41 might be one of several others doing this
10.02.2022
Superantigens and SARS-CoV-2
by Adam Hamdy 1,*ORCID and Anthony Leonardi 2ORCID
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/4/390/htm
25-05-1995
SEB-reactive T cells made deficient for the production of IL-2 by exposure to SEB in vivo are primed for IFN-gamma and IL-10 production, and that IFN-gamma up-regulation is involved in the shock syndrome occurring upon SEB rechallenge.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7774618/
T cells made deficient in interleukin-2 production by exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B in vivo are primed for interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 secretion
S Florquin 1, Z Amraoui, M Goldman
PMID: 7774618 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830250503
5.5.2022
South Dakota One girl liver transplant May 5th, two year-old from Aberdeen in South Dakota,
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10815081/PICTURED-South-Dakota-girl-2-liver-transplant-contracting-hepatitis.html?ito=social-twitter_dailymailus
It is still unclear why she fell ill with hepatitis. She tested positive for adenovirus, which has been linked to condition, but it wasn't found in her liver
Baelyn and her family all caught COVID after the funeral of her baby sister Laramie in December
- doctors are also curious about a link to that virus
28.04.2022
Increase in severe acute hepatitis cases of unknown aetiology in children
Risk assessment
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/increase-severe-acute-hepatitis-cases-unknown-aetiology-children
Cases have been tested for a range of different infectious causes, and the most common pathogens found were adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2.
UK Health Security Agency
Acute hepatitis: technical briefing.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/acute-hepatitis-technical-briefing
Date accessed: May 12, 2022
3.Efrati I
Israel examining 12 cases of kids' hepatitis after WHO warning. HAARETZ.
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-examining-12-cases-of-kids-hepatitis-after-who-warning-1.10752779
Date: April
21, 2022
Date accessed: May 12, 2022
4.Brodin P
SARS-CoV-2 infections in children: understanding diverse outcomes.
Immunity. 2022; 55: 201-209
5.Yonker LM Gilboa T Ogata AF et al.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome
in children is driven by zonulin-dependent loss of gut mucosal barrier.
J Clin Invest. 2021; 131149633
6.Cheng MH Zhang S Porritt RA et al.
Superantigenic character of an insert unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike supported by skewed TCR repertoire
in patients with hyperinflammation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117: 25254-25262
7.Porritt RA Paschold L Rivas MN et al.
HLA class I-associated expansion of TRBV11-2 T cells in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
8.Cantor A Miller J Zachariah P DaSilva B Margolis K Martinez M
Acute hepatitis is a prominent presentation of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single-center report.
Hepatology. 2020; 72: 1522-1527
9.Yarovinsky
TO Mohning MP Bradford MA Monick MM Hunninghake GW
Increased sensitivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B following adenoviral infection.
Infect Immun. 2005; 73: 3375-3384
https://journals.lww.com/ajsp/Abstract/2017/06000/Adenovirus_Hepatitis__Clinicopathologic_Analysis.11.aspx
Adenovirus Hepatitis
Adenoviruses are common pathogens that usually cause self-limited infections. However, in the immunocompromised host they can cause severe infections involving multiple organs including the liver.
Clinicopathologic
Analysis of 12 Consecutive Cases From a Single Institution
Schaberg, Kurt B. MD; Kambham, Neeraja MD; Sibley, Richard K. MD; Higgins, John P.T. MD
Author Information
The American Journal of Surgical Pathology: June 2017 - Volume 41 - Issue 6
- p 810-819
doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000834